Carbureter.



w. H. c. HIGGINS, JR.

GARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED 0GT.14,1910. jwym@ Patented Nov. 4, 1913. `]@'Z' CZ g'y,

romero.

WILLIAM H. c. HIGGINS, JR., or LAPORTE, INnIANA.

CARBURETER.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Nov.- 4, 1913.

Application led October 14, 1910. Serial No. 586,975'.

To all whom. it may conce/rnb' Be it known that I, WILLIAM H. C. HIG-GIN-s, J r., a citizen of the United States, residing at Laporte, in thecounty of Laporte and State of Indiana, have invented a certain new anduseful Improvement in Carbureters, of which the following is aspecification.

' My invention relates to improvements in ca-rbureters, andoneapplication of it is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein-Figure l is a plan view; Fig. 2, a section on the line 2 2 of Fig. l;Fig. 3, a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; and Fig. 4, a section onthe line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Like parts are indicated by the same letter in all the igures. f

A is a shell which with the wall A1 forms the vacuum chamber A2.

B is a hydrocarbon or fuel valve supplied from the pipe B1, and providedwith a nozzle B2 which discharges into the vacuum chamber. The pipe B1leads to near the bottom of a fuel tank B3 which is supplied from anyconvenient source with fuel which is kept, say at the constant level B",by means -of an overflow pipe B5 which may lead to any reservoir. C is asomewhat similar water valve provided with the supply pipe C1 and withthe nozzle C2 which discharges into the vacuum chamber. leads into thebottom of the tank which supplied from any convenient source, and thewater in which is maintained at the level C4 by the overow pipe C5. Ihave shown the water level as lower than the oil level, and the watervalve' as higher than the oil valve. This particular arrangement is notessential; but the arrangement must be such that the oil valve will feedresponsive to a lower vacuum than the water valve. These valves are usedfor the purpose of adjusting or determining the correct cross sectionalarea of the discharge; and, as in dicated Vin Fig. 4, they are arrangedso that when adjusted for operation, the annular discharge Way B issmaller in cross `sectional .area than the annular discharge way CGl ofthe water valve. The object of this arrangement is to give a moreabundant feed of water `than of oil when the two are feedingsimultaneously. *The precise arrangement -and proportions of theseseveral parts a'r'e' to be taken in a. sense as diagrammatic, beingintended to 1ll'ustrate-the prine1ple,'l

The (pipe C1 rather than to give a perfectly exact reproduction of aparticular piece of mechanism.

D is a mixture discharge port, and D1 the connection which leads thenceto the engine. The usual engine valve for admission of the mixture isnot shown.

E E1 are the two parts of an air-supply port separated, for convenience,as hereinafter explained. One of them is controlled by the shutter E2,and both open into the air passage-way 4 3.

F is a slide valve, having a hole F1 therein, and adapted to control, asindicated, the mixture discharge port and the air supply port, andoperated in any desired manner or by any desired motive power by meansof the lever F2 which passes out through the case.

I have spoken of hydrocarbon and water valves, but the essential pointis that Iconnect to the carbureter a hydrocarbon and a water supplypipe, in the manner proposed. The valves are only for the purpose ofadjusting the sizes of the apertures; but in each case the oil or Wateris drawn from the supply pipes and tanks by the vacuum in the vacuumchamber. It'is that vacuum which causes the fluid to flow; and byvarying the vacuum, the flow of iiuid is varied.

The devices, whatever they are, must be adjusted, related and connectedand set so that the oil or fuel will flow with practically any degree ofvacuum from minimum load to maximum load, but so that t-he water willonly begin to effectively flowl at more than minimum load, andpreferably atI about .half load, and thereafter more rapidly than theoil. In other words, two valves do not respond equally to thesame'vacuum, or speaking in more general terms, the two inlets orsuppliesffor oil and water respectively do not respond equally to thesame vacuum. This is due, as explained, to the difference in the sizesof the supply openings and the difference in the heights tov which theoil and water are to be lifted.

It will be` evident that although I have shown in my drawings an oerative device, many changes might be ma e, -both in size, shape andarrangement of parts, withoutdeparting materially from the spirit of myinvention; and I wish therefore that my drawings may-beregarded as in asense diagrammatic.

The use and operation of my invention are as follows: My invention Aisparticularly adapted for use in connection with avacuum chambercarbureter where the vacuum in the carbureter varies in the oppositedirection from the vacuum in the engine cylinder, that is to say, wherethevacuum inv the carbureter increases as the vacuumiin the enginecylinder decreases, and vice versa. As the engine operates, it draws itscharge from and through the carbureter, and because of the relation ofthe mixture discharge and air intake ports, a vacuum is set up-in thecarbureting chamber. This vacuum is varied by means of the sliding valvewhich controls both intake and mixture discharge openings, and may beadj usted or varied by means of the adjustable shutter which co-ntrols aportion of the air intake opening. It will be observed that for maximumpower the mixture discharge port is at its maximum opening, thusallowing a very free iiow of air and fuel through the carbureter to theengine. At the same time however, the relation between the dischargeport and air intake port is such that the vacuum in the carbure-tingchamber is at its maximum, as the power or speed of the engine decreasesthe mixture discharge port is closed and cldses more rapidly than thedemand of the engine. The result of this is to increase the vacuum inthe engine cylinder, but at the same time the relation between themixture discharge and air intake ports is such that the vacuum in thecarbureting chamber is decreasingand the result is that as the vacuum inthe carbureting chamber decreases, the vacuum in the engine cylinderitself increases and vice4 versa. The sliding yvalve F1 being controlledby any suitable means, therefore, causes a suitable vacuum in thecarbureter chamber, which vacuum draws from both valves or inlets therequisite amount of fuel and water. The shutter and slide valve are soadjusted as to ive the desired result by manipulation og the shutter atdifferent loads until its true position for a given engineis determined,whereupon it is fixed in position. The maximum amount of water and themaximum amount of hydro-` carbon are usually both supplied for a maximumload, but by test, the proper size of aperture and the proper lift ofHuid is arrived at, so that the water begins to feed in appreciablequantities at something like a load half way between minimum andmaximum, and so that thereafter the water feeds more rapidly, until atmaximum load there is frequently a relatively large amount of watersupplied, and the amount of watermay be equal to the amount of oil. Thevalves being set at this point, the carbureter is ready for use.

I have shown my invention as applied to a particular form of air andmixture controlling apparatus; but my invention, so far water, and the,method of feeding both by variations inthe vacuum produced in thecarbureter, is of course equally applicable to Vother forms ofl devices.

Broadly speaking, the invention has reference to introducing both waterand fuel into a carbureter chamber where there is means for varying thevacuum in said chamber and for varying the effective areas of the airinlet andmlxture outlet unequally. It will of course, be understoodthat4 when the adjustment by the shutter yE2 has been effected, for anygiven engine, no further adjustment is necessary and the carbureterthereafter operates just as if the variousv apertures or orts yor otherequivalents had been arrange shaped and positioned so as to get thedesired result without such shutter adjustment. In other words, theoperation of the water supply is just thesame, regardless of the mannerin which theprper areas Aand dispositions of the various ports have beenarrived at and regardless of the number of air ports or airportsections. The essential point is that the water like the oil.-is fedto the mixing chamber of the carbureter responsive to variations Ain thevacuum iii-'such mixing chamber.

It willbe understood, of course, that my invention is applicable to theuse of any kind of hydro-carbon fuel such as oil, .gasolene, alcohol andother similar fluids.

In my drawings I have not shown an engine, nor any other part of anapparatus in connection with which my carbureter might be used, but itwill be understood that the pipe or opening D1 may lead to thecombustion chamber of an explosive engine, and it will also then beunderstood that the lever F2 may be connected with the usual governor.

What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a carbureter, a vacuum carbureting chamber having fuel and waterinlets each having a nozzle opening into the carbureter chamber separate`and distinct one from the other, the latter adapted to feed only afterthe vacuum has substantially varied from its condition of no-load, andboth adapted to vary but unequally their feeds responsive to variationsin the vacuum of the carbureting chamber, and an air inlet and a mixtureoutlet, in combination with means for simultaneously but unequallyvarying both of their effective areas during operation, and separatemeans for adjusting the effective areaof one of them.

2. In a carbureter, a vacuum carbureting chamber having fuel and waterinlets each having a nozzle openin into the carbureter chamber separateand istinct one from the other, the latter of .larger effective areathan .asi it relates' tothe joint use of fuel and Y the fuel inletduring operation and adapted to feed only after the v cuumhas'substantially varied from its cdlndition at no-load, and bothladapted to vary but unequally their feeds responsive to variations inIthe vacuum of the carbureting chamber, and an air inlet and a mixtureoutlet, in combination with means for simultaneously but unequallyvarying both of their effective areas during operation, and separatemeans for adjusting the eective area of one of them.

3. In a carbureter, a' vacuum carbureber chamber having fuel and Wat/erinlets each having a nozzle opening into thecarbureter chamber separateand distinct onev from the other and! 'adapted to vary their feedsresponsive to variations in the vacuum in the carbureter chamber, theWater inlet adapted to feed only after the vacuum has substantiallyvaried from its condition of no load and after the oil has beenfeeding,andan air inlet and a mixture outlet in combination with means forsimultaneously but unequally varying both of their effective areasduring operation.

4:. In a carbureter, a vacuum carbureter chamber having fuel and waterinlets each having a nozzle opening into thecarbureter chamber separateand distinct o e from the other and adapted toV vary their feedsresponsive to L variations in the vacuum in the carbureter chamber,means for maintaining the liquids which ow to said fuel and Water inletsunder diderent pressures, and an air inlet and a mixture outlet incombination with means for simultaneously but unequally varying theireffective areas during operation. v 5. In a carbureter, a vacuumcarbureter chamber having fuel and water inlets, each having a nozzleopening into the carbureter chamber separate anddistinct one from theother andi adapted tovary their feeds responsive to variations in thevacuum in the carbureter chamber, means whereby the liquid supplies forthe inlets are maintained under diHerent heads so as to have diiferentpressures, and an air inlet and a mixture outlet in combination withmeans for simultaneously but unequally varying both of their eectiveareas during operation.

6. In a carbureter, a vacuum carbureter' chamber having fuel and waterinlets,.each having a nozzle opening into the carbureter chamberseparate 'and distinct one from the other and adapted to vary theirfeeds responslve to variations inthe vacuum in the carbureter chamber,the water inlet adapted to feed only after .the vacuum has substantiallyvaried from its condition of no load and after the oil has been feeding,means for maintaining the liquids which iow to said fuel and Waterinletsl under different pressures, andan air inlet and a mixture outletin combination with means for simultaneously but unequally varying bothof their effective areas during operation.

7. In a carbureter, a vacuum carbureter chamber having fuel and waterinlets each having an adjustable valve and a nozzle opening into thecarbureter chamber sepa-l rate and distinct one from the other andadapted to vary their feeds responsive to variations in the vacuum inthe carbureter chamber, the water inlet adapted to feed onlyy after thevacuum vhas substantially varied from its condition of no load and afterthe oil has been feeding, and an air inlet and a mixture outlet incombination with means for simultaneously but unequally varying both oftheir edective areas diuring operation. y

8. In a carbureter, a vacuum carbureter chamber having fuel and Waterinlets, each having an adjustable valve and a nozzle opening intothe`carbureter chamber separate and vdistinct one from the other andadapted to vary, their feed responsive to variations in the vacuum inthe carbureter chamber, means whereby the liquid supplies for the inletsare maintained under different heads so as to have different pressures,and an air inlet and a mixture outlet in combination with means forsimultaneously but nnequally varying both of their effective areasduring operation.

9. In a carbureter, a vacuum carbureter cham-ber having fuel and waterinlets, each having an adjustable valve andv a nozzle opening into thecarbureter chamber separate and dlistinct one from the other and adaptedto vary their feeds responsive to variations in the 'vacuum in thecarbureter chamber, the water inlet adapted to feed only after thevacuum has Asubstantially varied from its condition of no load and afterthe oil has been feeding, means for maintaining the liquids which iiowto said ful and Water inlets under different pressures, and an air inletand a mixture outlet in combination with means for simultaneously butunequally varying both of `their effective areas duringI operation.

WILLIAM C. HIGGINS, JB. Witnesses:

L. W. ELLIS, Lno M. PUMELY.

